Which principle focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number in ethical decision making?

• A. Egoistic principle
• B. Golden Mean principle
• C. Utilitarian principle
• D. Ethical principle

Answer: (C)

The main idea being tested is choosing actions by their consequences for overall welfare. The utilitarian principle says a morally right action is the one that produces the greatest total good for the greatest number. To apply it, you compare the benefits and harms of each option for everyone affected and pick the choice with the highest net utility. In criminal justice, this often means weighing public safety, costs, and impacts on communities to decide policies that maximize overall well-being, even if some individuals are favored less.

By contrast, an egoistic approach would put an individual’s own interests first, not necessarily improving overall welfare. The Golden Mean focuses on virtuous balance between extremes rather than outcomes for many people. A vague “ethical principle” doesn’t specify how to maximize benefits for the most people. So the utilitarian principle best fits the idea of aiming for the greatest good for the greatest number.