the concepts of community policing, problem-orientated policing, and accountability mechanisms are components of which model of policing?

• A. Preventative policing
• B. Reactive policing
• C. Traditional policing
• D. Intelligence-led policing

Answer: (A)

Preventing crime through community collaboration and accountability is the hallmark of preventative policing. Community policing emphasizes building strong partnerships with residents and local organizations to identify and address the underlying causes of crime and fear, not just to handle incidents after they occur. Problem-oriented policing takes this a step further by studying particular persistent problems, analyzing their root causes, and applying targeted strategies to reduce or eliminate them. Accountability mechanisms ensure that police actions are transparent and evaluated, with oversight and performance measures that promote trust and continuous improvement.

Together, these elements reflect a shift from merely reacting to incidents toward proactively preventing them by engaging the community, solving problems at their source, and maintaining accountability. Reactive policing focuses on responding after crimes happen, traditional policing centers on routine duties and rapid responses without necessarily structured problem-solving or broad community involvement, and intelligence-led policing emphasizes data-driven targeting and resource allocation, sometimes at the expense of broad community engagement and formal accountability practices.