Someone who gives to charity or volunteers for the purpose of creating emotional pleasure for himself is exhibiting:

• A. Enlightened egoism
• B. Altruistic egoism
• C. Psychological egoism
• D. Religious egoism

Answer: (C)

Motives behind actions matter. Psychological egoism holds that every action, even acts of charity or volunteering, is ultimately motivated by self-interest—the internal satisfaction, happiness, or relief the person expects to gain. When someone gives to charity or volunteers to create emotional pleasure for themselves, the driving force is that personal emotional payoff rather than a purely selfless concern for others. That makes this behavior best explained by psychological egoism.

Enlightened egoism would frame self-interest as benefiting others in the long run, which isn’t the focus here. Religious egoism centers motives on religious rewards or duties, not on personal emotional pleasure. Altruistic egoism isn’t a standard, widely recognized label, so it doesn’t fit as cleanly as psychological egoism.